International Journal of Public Health Asia Pacific
International Journal of Public Health Asia Pacific (IJPHAP) ISSN: 2822-0587 (Online) Publication Frequency: 3 Issues per year (January-April, May-August, September-December) Journal information: International Journal of Public Health Asia Pacific (IJPHAP) is an Open Access e-Journal of the Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University (PH, KKU) and is published by the Faculty of Public Health, KKU with the sole aim of promoting and sharing quality public health as well as medical and social information. IJPHAP stands as an international forum where the research conducted in various disciplines such as Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatics, Social Sciences, Medicine along with the reviews and novel as well as unique cases we encounter in our professional career will be made available to our esteemed readers.
Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University
International Journal of Public Health Asia Pacific (IJPHAP) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 international (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license, unless otherwise stated. Please read our Policies page for more information on Open Access, copyright, and permissions.
Assessment of imaging characteristics and value of 1.5 TESLA MRI in breast conservation surgery
Background: Tumour assessment by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helps to accurately measure and estimate tumours before breast-conserving surgery. Objective: The study aims to describe the imaging characteristics of 1.5 Tesla MRI in breast cancer diagnosis and evaluate the value of MRI in breast-conserving surgery. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 99 patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer who were indicated for breast-conserving surgery at Tan Trieu K Hospital from July 2020 to August 2021. All participants underwent assessing characteristics of breast tumours by 1.5 Tesla MRI. The data were analysed using SPSS version 20.0, with descriptive statistics applied to summarize the study variables. Results: The study showed that the characteristics of breast tumours determined by 1.5 Tesla MRI, most patients had low (33.4%) and moderate (31.3%) contrast enhancement, and the group of tumours with multiple spread locations had the highest rate of histological grade III (71.4%). The majority of tumours had irregular shapes and margins (53.6% and 60.7%), and most tumours demonstrated early enhancement (88.9%). In addition, based on MRI results, 12 (12.1%) patients had their surgical options changed, and 6 cases benefited from these decisions. Conclusion: 1.5 Tesla MRI images help to accurately diagnose the morphology, tumour location, and contrast agent absorption level of breast cancer, thereby resulting a modification of the surgical plan for 12 patients. Therefore, 1.5 Tesla MRI needs to be performed on a large scale with patients indicated for conservative surgery in order to design the most appropriate and effective treatment regimen.
1.5 Tesla, Breast cancer, Conservative surgery, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Copyright (c) 2026 the Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Factors associated with cervical cancer screening uptake among women in Myanmar: A public health concern
Background: Cervical cancer remains a major health challenge globally, with Myanmar bearing one of Southeast Asia's highest incidence and mortality rates, despite a National Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control Program. Prior studies have highlighted barriers to cervical cancer screening among Myanmar women, but limited information exists on specific screening uptake determinants. Objectives: This study aims to identify the factors associated with cervical cancer screening uptake (CCSU) among women in Myanmar. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study, using validated structured questionnaires, was conducted from November 2024 to January 2025 in three townships in Yangon, enrolling 439 women. Descriptive statistics characterized the samples and CCSU status, while inferential statistics and multiple logistic regression identified factors linked to CCSU, reporting Adjusted Odds Ratios (AORs), 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs), and P-values, with significance set at <0.05. Results: Participants’ mean age was 44.1 (±9.12) years, with Bamar ethnicity predominant (86.56%). Only 10.71% (95% CI: 8.13-13.97%) had undergone cervical cancer screening, mostly via Pap smear (65.96%). In multivariable analysis, living in semi-urban/rural areas was associated with higher screening odds (AOR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.34-5.25). Presence of a chronic illness (AOR=4.25, 95% CI: 2.15-8.41); prior receipt of cervical cancer information (AOR=2.75, 95% CI: 1.28-5.85); Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination (AOR=2.16, 95% CI: 1.10-4.27); and reported service availability (AOR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.05-4.10) were also significant factors. Conclusion: CCSU among Myanmar women is critically lower than the global and regional expectations. Key determinants of CCSU include place of residence, chronic illness, health information, HPV vaccination, and accessible services. Integrated screening in chronic disease programs, targeted education, expanded service coverage for equitable access, and comprehensive national strategies are strongly recommended to improve screening rates and reduce cervical cancer burden in Myanmar.
Cervical cancer screening, HPV, Health system, Geographical disparities
Engagement of the private health sector in communication to enhance malaria awareness in communities: Contributing to malaria elimination
Background: Countries in the Mekong sub-region are making significant progress towards malaria elimination, driven by strong commitment and multi-sectoral cooperation. Objectives: This study examines changes in malaria knowledge among adults aged 18 and older in four high-risk provinces of Vietnam due to the Enhancing Private Sector's Responsibility in Vietnam's Malaria Elimination Program, implemented from 2021 to 2023. Methods: We conducted a baseline and end-line cross-sectional study on the program "Enhancing Private Sector's Responsibility in Vietnam's Malaria Elimination." We utilized questionnaires from previous studies and employed multi-stage cluster random sampling techniques to recruit 736 adults from four high-risk provinces in Vietnam. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with malaria knowledge among the participants. Results: There was a significant increase in the proportion of individuals with good knowledge of malaria prevention, rising from 36.7% at baseline to 78.6% at the end-line. A significant relationship was observed between age groups and knowledge of malaria prevention: for individuals aged 60 and older, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 2.40 (95% CI: 1.29-4.45) at baseline, while for those aged 45-59, the aOR was 2.05 (95% CI: 1.19-3.52) at end-line. Individuals who received advice from a private pharmacy or clinic knew about malaria prevention nearly four times compared to those who did not receive such advice (aOR = 3.84, 95% CI = 1.52-10.22). Conclusion: The "Enhancing Private Sector's Responsibility in Vietnam's Malaria Elimination" program increased malaria awareness among individuals in the targeted areas. However, it was noted that there is still a significant lack of knowledge among those who are uneducated. This indicates the need for more focused educational campaigns tailored specifically to this segment of the population.
Health education, Knowledge, Malaria, Private health sector
Copyright (c) 2025 the Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Factors associated with maternal and child health services utilization among mothers of children under 5 years in Southern Shan State, Myanmar
Background: Enhancing maternal and child health and reducing mortality rates are critical global concerns. In 2023, maternal mortality remained a significant global health issue, with over 700 deaths from preventable pregnancy-related causes affecting low- and lower-middle-income countries. Myanmar is facing obstacles in providing maternal and child health services. Objectives: This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with maternal and child health (MCH) service utilization among mothers with children under five years of age in Southern Shan State, Myanmar. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among mothers with children under five years of age, selected through multistage random sampling from four townships in Southern Shan State, Myanmar. Multiple logistic regression was applied. Factors with p <0.05 were considered to have statistically significant association with the outcome. Results: Among the 455 participants, the prevalence of MCH services utilization was 31.6% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 27.52 – 36.07). Urban residents (AOR = 10.32, 95% CI = 5.65–18.83), mothers aged 26–30 years (AOR = 6.12, 95% CI = 3.11–12.04), and mothers aged over 31 years (AOR = 3.29, 95% CI = 1.58–6.87) showed higher utilization. Higher family income (AOR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.03-4.22) and smaller family size (AOR = 4.26, 95% CI = 1.94–9.38) were also associated with greater use of services. Maternal and reproductive history factors linked to increased MCH service utilization included a history of abortion (AOR = 10.50, 95% CI = 4.04–27.30) and better maternal knowledge (AOR = 5.53, 95% CI = 2.37–12.86). Conclusion: This study revealed approximately one-third of the mothers utilized MCH services. Factors associated with higher MCH services utilization included maternal health, access to healthcare, socioeconomic status, knowledge, and attitudes about MCH services.
Antenatal care, Family planning, Maternal and child health service utilization, Postnatal care, Skilled birth at-tendant, Southern Shan State
Health related factors and prediabetes among middle-aged adults in Mandalay, Myanmar
Background: Prediabetes indicates a higher risk for the development of overt type 2 diabetes mellitus, and an already heightened risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In Myanmar, diabetes is the fourth leading cause of mortality among the top ten causes of death. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the association between health-related factors and prediabetes among middle-aged adults in Mandalay, Myanmar. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among middle-aged (40-59 years) who were recruited through multistage random sampling. Data were collected using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results: The prevalence of prediabetes among middle-aged adults in the Mandalay Region was 41.73% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 37.50-46.08). Participants with limited health literacy were 1.61 times more likely to have prediabetes compared to those with adequate health literacy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.61, 95% CI: 1.01–2.55). Other factors significantly associated with an increased risk of prediabetes included Lisu ethnicity (AOR=3.63, 95% CI: 1.99–6.61), former or current use of tobacco products (AOR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.01–2.26), presence of chronic diseases (AOR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.37–4.22), a family history of non-communicable diseases (AOR=2.12, 95% CI: 1.22–3.69), hypertension (AOR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.28–3.28), moderate to severe stress (AOR=3.14, 95% CI: 1.77–5.57), frequent consumption of plant-based protein (AOR=1.91, 95% CI: 1.05–3.47), and low diabetes knowledge (AOR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.23–3.43). Conclusion: The prevalence of prediabetes is notably high among middle-aged adults in the Mandalay Region, Myanmar and is significantly associated with health literacy, socio-demographics, health behaviours, physical and mental health status. Public health interventions focusing on improving diabetes awareness, promoting healthy lifestyles and enhancing health literacy are critical to reducing the burden of prediabetes in this population.
Health related factors, Mandalay region, Prediabetes
Determinants of hypertension along the Myanmar-China border: Lifestyle, knowledge and demographic influences
Background: Hypertension is a leading global risk factor for premature mortality and cardiovascular diseases with Myanmar’s prevalence exceeding the global average at 38%. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for 68% of deaths in Myanmar posing significant healthcare challenges. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors in Kachin State, Myanmar, an area with ethnic diversity and limited healthcare access. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Kachin State, Myanmar involving 527 participants aged ≥40. Participants were selected using a multistage random sampling technique. Data were collected through structured interviews using a validated and reliable questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regressions were employed to analyse the data. Factors with a P-value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The baseline characteristics of participants revealed significant gender differences in age, marital status, financial status, occupation, smoking, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity and knowledge of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 22.39% (95% CI: 19.03-26.16) with 22.88% (95% CI: 18.24-2.28) in male and 21.88% (95%CI: 17.21-27.38) in female. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified several factors significantly associated with hypertension. Participants aged 60 years and older (Adjusted Odd ratio (AOR)=2.30, 95% CI: 1.36-3.89), those who consumed fruits and vegetables at least three times per week (AOR=2.11, 95%CI: 1.26-3.52), individuals with low or minimal physical activity (AOR=1.69, 95%CI: 1.02-2.82) and those with poor or moderate knowledge of hypertension (AOR=1.84, 95%CI: 1.11-3.05) were significantly more likely to develop hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension is notably high among middle-aged and elderly adults along the Myanmar-China border with significant associations identified with age, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption and knowledge of hypertension. Public health interventions aimed at improving hypertension awareness, promoting physical activity and addressing dietary habits could help reduce the risk of hypertension in this population.
Hypertension, Middle-aged adults and elderly, Kachin state
Prevalence and determinants of underweight among children in the Myanmar-China border region: A cross-sectional study
Background: Underweight in children remains a significant nutritional problem in low- and middle-income countries, affecting growth and development. It is linked to higher risks of infections, developmental delays and long-term cognitive impairments. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the prevalence and determinants of underweight along the Myanmar-China border of Kachin state, Myanmar where socio-political instability and limited resources exacerbate the problem. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from April 2024 to March 2025 in the Myanmar-China border region of Kachin State, focusing on children aged 6-59 months. A multistage random sampling method was used to enrol the study population. Data collection took place after getting ethical approval. A Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) was utilized to investigate factors associated with underweight. Results: Among the 518 children studied, the prevalence of underweight was 17.8% (95% CI: 14.70-21.30). Several significant factors were associated to children being underweight including birth weight, vaccination completion by 18 months, household size (specifically, having ≥2 children under five years old), the father's level of education, birth interval and waste management practices. Multivariable analysis revealed that children in households with ≥2 children under five (AOR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.07-3.70), mothers engaged in farming (AOR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.33–5.37), a shorter birth interval of <2 years (AOR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.19-3.65) and inadequate waste disposal (AOR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.17-3.64) were at greater risk of being underweight. Conclusion: Almost one-fifth of children in the Myanmar-China border region were underweight with higher risks associated to households with ≥2 children under five, mother who were farmers and shorter birth intervals. Inadequate garbage disposal was also strongly associated with increased odds of being underweight. This highlights the need to address household dynamics and sanitation practices to reduce the prevalence of underweight children in the region.
Kachin state, GLMM, Under-5 children, Underweight
Prevalence and factors associated with alcohol use disorder in the China-Myanmar border region: A cross-sectional study
Background: In Myanmar, over half of men aged 18 and above consume alcohol with Kachin State facing unique challenges like political instability and language barriers. Despite the high prevalence, limited data exists on alcohol use disorder (AUD) in this region particularly among men. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of AUD, compare alcohol consumption patterns between urban and rural populations and identify factors associated with AUD in the China-Myanmar border region. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from April 2024 to March 2025 in Kachin State, Myanmar focusing on three townships along the Myanmar-China border. Data were collected using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and a Generalized Linear Mixed Model with logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: Among 428 participants, the study found significant urban-rural differences in demographics, occupation and health behaviours. Rural residents were older, had lower education levels, and were more likely to be manual labourers and smokers. Urban residents had better knowledge of AUD, while rural residents were more likely to view alcohol consumption as inappropriate. The prevalence of AUD was significantly higher in rural areas (45.52%, 95% CI: 39.63–51.55%) compared to urban areas (30.63%, 95% CI: 23.93–38.25%). Factors associated with AUD included lower education (AOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.01–2.84 for secondary education; AOR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.03–3.22 for no formal or primary education), smoking (AOR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.61–4.06) and neutral or positive attitudes toward alcohol consumption (AOR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.40–3.41). Conclusion: AUD was more prevalent in rural areas than in urban areas. Lower education, smoking and permissive attitudes toward alcohol consumption were strongly associated with AUD. These findings underscored the need for targeted interventions particularly in rural areas to enhance awareness, promote healthier behaviours and address socioeconomic determinants of alcohol misuse.
Fatigue in patients after surgery for lower limb fractures at Nghe An Orthopaedic and Trauma Hospital: A cross-sectional study
Background: Fatigue is a subjective feeling that causes loss of ability to participate in normal activities after surgery and affects the patient's quality of life. Postoperative fatigue in patients undergoing lower limb fracture surgery is often overlooked in clinical research compared to pain management or wound healing. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the fatigue status in patients after surgery for lower limb fractures at Nghe An Orthopaedic and Trauma Hospital; and identify some related factors to postoperative fatigue in patients with lower limb fractures. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted on 312 patients admitted to the Lower Limb Department Nghe An Orthopaedic and Trauma Hospital with closed lower limb fractures from Feb 2024 to April 2024. Fatigue level of patients was assessed using the Identity - Consequence Fatigue Scale (ICFS). The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests, with a significance level set at P<0.05. Results: The study showed that fatigue level of patients after surgery is predominantly at a moderate level (56.7%), and high (23.1%). Besides, female patients experienced fatigue levels 4.13 times higher than male patients (P = 0.003). Post-fracture patients experiencing high pain levels had 3.51 times higher fatigue levels compared to those with mild or moderate pain (P = 0.027), while patients with high anxiety levels after surgery had 3.77 times higher fatigue levels than those with mild or moderate anxiety (P = 0.035). Conclusion: The study revealed that most patients experienced moderate to severe fatigue following surgery for lower extremity fractures. Furthermore, fatigue levels were notably higher among female patients, those suffering from intense pain, and individuals with elevated postoperative anxiety. Future studies should adopt a prospective design to assess changes in fatigue levels over time, providing insights for more comprehensive and effective patient care strategies.
Fatigue, Lower limb fractures, Post-surgery, Vietnam
Attitude, keypersons’ support and uptake of modern contraceptives among reproductive age Myanmar migrant women in Thai-Myanmar border areas
Background: Easier access to contraception can help prevent negative health outcomes, such as unintended pregnancies and abortions, along with their associated adverse effects and socioeconomic consequences. However, there was limited information on contraceptive use among Myanmar migrant women along the Thai-Myanmar border. Objectives: To identify the determinants of modern contraceptive uptakes among reproductive age Myanmar migrant women in Thai Myanmar border areas. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 440 Myanmar migrant women aged 15-49. Baseline characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and determinants of contraceptive uptake were identified through multiple logistic regression. Associations were presented as Crude Odds Ratio (COR) and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with their 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). The statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: Modern contraceptive uptake prevalence was 62.73% (95% CI: 58.09-67.14), with 48.19% using Depo-Provera injections. After controlling other covariates, getting high support from keypersons (AOR=13.58, 95% CI: 6.24-29.59) and good attitudes towards contraceptives (AOR=2.65, 95% CI: 1.54 -4.57) were associated with modern contraceptive uptakes. Moreover, the determinants of uptake of modern contraceptives included age 30-39 years (AOR = 4.59, 95% CI: 2.37-8.92), age 15 to 29 years (AOR=8.86, 95% CI: 4.55-17.25), farmers and unskilled workers (AOR=2.12, 95% CI: 1.22-3.69), and the opening hour of the clinic (AOR=2.65, 95% CI: 1.26-5.57) Conclusion: Contraceptive uptake among Myanmar migrant women was higher than in both Thailand and Myanmar, influenced by factors such as keypersons’ support networks, attitudes, age, occupation, and accessible service hours. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen social networks that empower women’s decision and develop positive attitudes toward contraception. Additionally, providing culturally sensitive education, adopting context-specific strategies, fostering supportive workplace environments, and ensuring flexible, easily accessible healthcare services are all essential for improving contraceptive uptake among this population.
Pets vs Humans: Who provides more meaningful social support to stressed pet owners?
Background: Mental health issues are prevalent in Australia. Social support has been observed as a protective factor against the effects of negative mental health among the general population. There are a substantial number of pet owners in Australia, and indications that emotional support is provided by pets. Whilst many pet owners report that their pets are a source of emotional support, clinicians question how important are pets, when compared to human companions, in affecting pet owner’s mental health. Objectives: This study examined the relationship between social support from humans and pets, and pet owner’s mental health. Methods: 112 pet owners completed measures related to mental health symptoms and perceived social support from families, friends, and significant others and emotional support from pets. Data was collected using three validated self-report scales, to assess mental health, perceived social support from humans, and perceived emotional comfort from pets. These were administered via an anonymous online survey over a period of 3 months to an Australian adult sample sourced via social media and veterinary practices. The collected data were analysed via a Pearson correlational analysis using SPSS (Version 27). Results: Whilst the study observed a significant relationship between human social support and pet owner’s mental health (r = 0.21, P < 0.05), social support from pets was not observed to be related with pet owner’s general mental health (r = 0.02, P > 0.05). Conclusion: When patients with mental health problems have pets, health care professionals need to encourage the patients to also source human social support, and not to rely on their pets to be the main source of social support.
Spatial association of socioeconomic factors and prevalence of Tuberculosis in Java Indonesia, 2021-2022
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases even in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although it is treatable and supported by national programs, Indonesia accounts for the second highest proportion of TB cases worldwide. Research on tuberculosis in Indonesia is generally limited to single-year studies in narrow areas at the regency level, restricting broader regional insights. Objectives: This research aimed to identify the spatial relationship between socio-economic factors and tuberculosis prevalence in Java, Indonesia, for the years 2021 and 2022. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a geographical analytic approach using TB reported data across three provinces in Java, Indonesia to investigate the spread of disease and association in 2021-2022 from various sources. Spatial autocorrelation analysis relies on Moran's I values to determine associations and Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) to identify which regions in Java have high or low cluster values. Results: The prevalence rate of tuberculosis in Java from 2021 to 2022 showed an increasing trend from an average of 145 to 148 per 100,000 inhabitants, with Tegal City consistently recording the highest prevalence. Boyolali Regency had the lowest rate in 2021, while Trenggalek had the lowest rate in 2022. TB hotspot detected in Bogor, Bandung, Karawang, Bekasi, Bekasi City, Cimahi City and Depok City. Meanwhile TB coldspots were consistently detected in Wonosobo, Magelang, Wonogiri, Magelang City, Surakarta City, Salatiga City, Pacitan, Ponorogo, Trenggalek, Tulungagung, Kediri, Madiun, Magetan, Ngawi, and Madiun City. Bivariate analysis indicated a positive spatial association between population density, per capita expenditure, night-time light (NTL), regional wage, and unemployment rate. Conclusion: There existed spatial association between socioeconomic characteristics and tuberculosis prevalence in Java from 2021 to 2022, particularly in urbanized regions. This cartographic research should serve as a guideline for TB management in Java.
Prevalence, Socioeconomic factors, Spatial analysis, Tuberculosis
Burnout and resilience among health science students: Concepts and their relationship
Background: Students in health-related fields often face with numerous factors can contribute to increased susceptibility to academic burnout and pressure during their studies. Objectives: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the level of burnout and resilience among health science students, as well as evaluating the relationship between students' resilience and their levels of academic burnout. Methods: A cross-sectional study implemented on 319 students at a central university of Vietnam. The questionnaire included three sections: general characteristics, the Brief Resilience Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the study subjects. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient test was used to examine the relationship between students’ resilience and academic burnout. Results: The study found that 8.8% of students experienced academic burnout. The mean resilience score of students was 18.13 ± 2.59 out of a total of 27 points. There was a negative and moderate relationship between academic burnout with resilience among health science students (r=-0.318, P<0.001). Conclusion: Schools and lecturers need to have strategies to train these soft skills to help students increase their resilience. In addition, some intervention studies aimed at helping students achieve coping skills and the ability to regulate emotions adaptively, increasing their resilience and reducing burnout can also be carried out in the future.
Academic burnout, Health science students, Resilience
Assessment of lesions suspected calcifications in breast cancer patients through mammography and ultrasound images
Background: Imaging plays a key role in modern medicine. It helps doctors assess the condition of tumours, thereby effectively supporting diagnosis and providing appropriate treatment regimens. Objectives: This study aimed to describe some ultrasound and mammography characteristics of suspected calcified breast lesions; and determine the extent of breast lesions according to BIRADS-5 classification. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted with 71 women diagnosed with breast cancer at the Vietnam National Cancer Hospital from August 2022 to August 2023. All participants underwent mammography and breast ultrasound to assess the stage of cancer lesions based on BIRADS-5 criteria and to identify clinically suspected calcified lesions. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests, with a significant level set at p-value <0.05. Results: The study showed that breast tissue density was mainly type C (90.1%), and the most common suspected calcification was polymorphic calcification (45.1%). Lobular distribution was the most common (49.3%) while asymmetric lesions (6.2%) and structural inversion (4.2%) were rare. Mass lesions accounted for the majority (60.6%). The distribution of mass lesions, non-mass lesions, and histopathological types was statistically significant (P=0.001). Malignant lesions often had increased density on mammography (71.8%), decreased echogenicity on ultrasound (60.6%), irregular shape (95.3%), and spiculated edges (53.4%). In addition, most tumours were classified as BIRADS 5 (40.8%), and BIRADS 4C (39.4%), and there was a difference in the proportion of BIRADS classification and histopathological lesion type (P=0.003). Conclusion: The preliminary results of the study revealed a distinct difference in the imaging features observed in mammography and ultrasound for diagnosing breast lesions. Consequently, utilizing a combination of mammography and ultrasound is essential for accurate BIRADS classification, which in turn facilitates tailored prognosis and treatment plans for each patient.
Breast cancer, Calcifications, Lesions, Mammography, Ultrasound
Understanding risky sexual behaviours for HIV infection among Myanmar male migrant workers in Mae Sot, Thailand: The significance of the health belief model
Background: HIV/AIDS remains a critical global health issue, particularly among vulnerable population like migrant workers. In Thailand, Myanmar male migrants face heightened risks due to limited healthcare access, peer influence, and socioeconomic challenges. Understanding factors influencing risky sexual behaviour is essential for developing targeted interventions to support HIV prevention and control efforts. Objectives: This study aims to explore the prevalence of risky sexual behaviours and identify key demographic, behavioural, and social factors influencing these behaviours among Myanmar male migrant workers in Mae Sot, Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 454 participants. Data were collected through structured interviews, and multivariate logistic regression was applied to determine associated factors. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and P-values were used to present significant factors. Results: Among 454 participants, the prevalence of risky sexual behaviours was 29.30% (95% CI: 25.28-33.66). Key factors of risky sexual behaviours included being married (AOR: 4.05, 95% CI: 2.44-6.72), having a moderate level of perceived benefits (AOR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.06-7.42), reporting high levels of perceived barriers (AOR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.24-3.99) and experiencing peer pressure (AOR: 7.88, 95% CI: 4.72-13.15), all of which were associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behaviours. Conclusion: Approximately one-third of Myanmar migrant workers engaged in risky sexual behaviours. Key factors contributing to these behaviours included marital status, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and peer pressure emphasizing the need for peer-led education, culturally sensitive awareness and improved healthcare access to reduce risky sexual behaviours and support Thailand’s 2030 HIV elimination goals.
HIV, Myanmar migrants, Risky sexual behaviours, Thailand
Clinical analysis, treatment patterns, and long-term outcomes of Hepatocellular carcinoma in Thailand: A multidisciplinary approach
Background: Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the most prevalent cancer in Thailand and globally. However, comprehensive hospital-based survival data remains limited. Objectives: The study aimed to ascertain the prevalence, impact of treatment modalities on survival among hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and reasons for long-term survival. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using medical records of 1,221 HCC patients aged ≥18 years from January 2014 to December 2018. Data were extracted from electronic health records using ICD-10 code C22.0. Long-term survival was defined as surviving ≥5 years. Cox proportional hazard regression analysed clinical characteristics and mortality risk. Results: A total of 1,221 HCC patients were analysed, with 80.80% mortality during follow-up and median survival of 1.25 years (95%CI: 1.09-1.37). The 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 22.6% (95%CI: 20.30-24.99) and 10.92% (95%CI: 8.84-13.25), respectively. Multivariable analysis showed better survival for females (adjusted HR=0.82; 95%CI: 0.69-0.97) and poorer outcomes with bilateral involvement versus right lobe (adjusted HR=1.34; 95%CI: 1.11-1.62). Surgical resection yielded the highest 5-year survival (58.48%; 95%CI: 52.44-64.03) compared to other treatments, while 29.5% received no treatment. Conclusion: Surgical resection provided superior survival outcomes. Female gender, right lobe tumour location, and Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme (CSMBS) coverage were favourable prognostic factors. Enhanced multidisciplinary care integration is essential to improve treatment accessibility and survival outcomes.
HCC, Liver cancer, Mortality, Payment, Treatment modalities
Exclusive breastfeeding and it’s determinants in Indonesia, 2022
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of life is crucial for infant health as it is associated with positive health outcome. However, it’s coverage remains low in Indonesia therefore, closing this gap involves identifying characteristics associated to exclusive breastfeeding. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the EBF practices and its associated factors in Indonesia. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study analysed secondary data from the 2022 Indonesia National Nutrition Survey. An analysis was conducted on 3,989 6-month-old infants from 33 provinces who were breastfed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with EBF, presenting Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). Results: The study results revealed that 44.95% (95% CI: 43.40-46.49) of infants received EBF. History of early initiation breastfeed (AOR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.45–1.87, P-value: <0.001), received nutritional counseling (AOR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.01-1.32, P-value: 0.026), those who participated in health promotion programs (AOR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.04–2.08, P-value: 0.026) and mother occupations recognized as employed (AOR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.03–1.34, P-value: 0.012) were more likely to practice EBF. Conclusion: Less than a half of infants in Indonesia received EBF. Infants who had early initiation breastfeeding and mother who participated in health promotion programs were significant factors associated with EBF. Moreover, receiving nutritional counselling and mother occupation were also important factor associated with EBF although the magnitude of effect was small to make decisive conclusion. Therefore, appropriate policies and strategies should be employed to encourage early initiation of breastfeeding, to empower women in participating health programs including nutritional counselling to enhance EBF. Likewise, it is also fundamental to create workplace that allows women to be employed while continuing EBF.
Seat suspension design for reduction of whole-body vibration of forklift drivers in warehouse
Background: Whole-body vibration transmitted through the seat during forklift operation significantly contributes to musculoskeletal disorders among forklift operators. Objectives: The study aims to design vibration absorbing materials for forklift driver seats and to compare whole-body vibration levels before and after implementing the new design Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental research design to compare whole-body vibration levels before and after the implementation of an absorption material in forklift seat design. The study population consisted 34 forklift drivers working in the warehouse department of an electronics manufacturing and assembly plant in Chachoengsao province. This experimental study was conducted over a seven-month period. Results: The result of combination of butyl rubber sheets that were 25 x 25 x 1.5 cm in width, length and thickness, as well as layer 1 and layer 2 foam sponges that were 53 x 42 x 5 cm in size, improved the materials inside the seat. The measurement of the whole-body vibration exposure compared to the average period of 8 hours A (8) before and after the design of the vibration absorbing material inside the forklift seat showed significant differences in all three cases. While comparing the measurement group's vibration values to the ISO 2631-1, 1997 standard over an 8-hour period [A (8)], it was discovered that the vibration value exceeded the standard by 97.06% of 100% prior to design, and that the vibration exceeding the standard decreased to 50.00 percent of all measurements following design. Conclusion: This study concludes that incorporating butyl rubber and foam sponge into forklift driver seats effectively reduces whole-body vibration transmitted through the seat during forklift operation.
Forklift driver, Seat suspension, Whole body vibration
Maternal health care seeking behaviour during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum among Myanmar migrant women in Thai-Myanmar border
Background: Women in border areas often face barriers to healthcare access due to geographic, informational and cultural factors. However, limited evidence exists on how these challenges affect their health-seeking behaviour. Objectives: This study aims to address this gap by exploring maternal health-seeking behaviour during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum among women on the Thai-Myanmar border, Tak Province, Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from October 2023 to November 2024 among 362 women selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with health-seeking behaviour utilization. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 362 respondents, 25.1% (95% CI: 20.92-29.88) exhibited low maternal healthcare-seeking behaviour. Multivariable analysis identified several significant predictors of low health-seeking behaviour: low education level (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.34-4.52), poor knowledge of maternal health (AOR = 11.46, 95% CI: 6.16-21.30), lack of decision-making autonomy (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.48-5.16), poor social support (AOR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.27-6.49), travel time of more than one hour to a health facility (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.08-5.66) and inability to afford medical services (AOR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.33-6.15). Conclusion: A substantial proportion of women demonstrated low maternal healthcare-seeking behaviour influenced by educational, informational, socioeconomic and accessibility factors. Interventions aimed at enhancing maternal health knowledge, empowering women in decision-making, strengthening family support systems, and reducing both financial and geographic barriers are critical for improving maternal health service utilization in this population.
Maternal health care, Seeking behaviour, Thai-Myanmar border
Pneumonia incidence in children under five in Indonesia: A spatial analysis before, during and transition period of the COVID-19 pandemic
Background: Pneumonia has consistently remained one of the leading causes of mortality among children under five, spanning the periods before, during and in the transition periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: This study investigated the spatial association between healthcare, socioeconomic, environmental factors and the pneumonia incidence rate per 10,000 populations in children under five at the provincial level, comparing 2019 (before COVID-19 pandemic), 2021 (during COVID-19 pandemic) and 2023 (transition period of the COVID-19 pandemic) in Indonesia. Methods: This study utilized secondary data from the Annual Indonesian Health Profile Books (2019, 2021 and 2023), Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia (2020, 2022 and 2024), Central Statistical Agency’s website and Google Earth Engine. This spatial analysis applied global and local Moran’s I and advanced spatial regression techniques. Results: The incidence rate of pneumonia in children under five before, during and in the transition period of COVID-19 were 158.10, 80.82 and 129.39 per 10,000 population. Meanwhile, Moran's I values were -0.130, -0.103 and 0.087, respectively indicating a shift from dispersed to clustered spatial autocorrelation, particularly in Java Island. Negative correlations were observed between pneumonia incidence and the number of midwives (across all periods), access to proper sanitation facilities (latrines) (during the COVID-19 pandemic), and precipitation (during the transition period of the COVID-19 pandemic). In contrast, sulphur dioxide levels exhibited a positive spatial autocorrelation both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: To reduce pneumonia in children under five in Indonesia, efforts should focus on strengthening midwife availability, access and expanding midwife training programs. Additionally, improving access to sanitation facilities and implementing air quality control measures will also play a key role in reducing pneumonia incidence.
Perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy at three central hospitals (Mahosot, Mittaphap, and Mother and Newborn Hospital), in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
Background: People who contract COVID-19 during pregnancy are at an increased risk for complications that can affect both their pregnancy and their developing baby. Objective: This study aimed to identify perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy at three central hospitals (Mahosot, Mittaphap, and Mother and Newborn Hospital), in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR. Methods: This study was an analytical cross-sectional study. Purposive sampling was applied. The sample of this study consisted of 362 pregnant women who were infected with COVID-19 and gave birth in Mahosot, Mittaphap, and the Mother and New-born Hospital, Lao PDR as recorded in medical record books from 2019 to 2022. The data was collected using a data collection form designed by the researcher. SPSS version 25 was used to analyse the data. The multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the characteristics, their vaccinations, and perinatal outcomes. Results: Among 362 pregnant women who were infected with COVID-19, the average age was 27.98 ± 5.71 years and 24.59% received COVID-19 vaccination. The percentage of babies with birth weight < 2500g was 14.60%. The percentage of babies with an APGAR score lower than 7 was 3.32%. The rate of babies admitted to the NICU was 4.14%. The fatal death rate was 1.38%. The antenatal care (ANC) visit was associated with baby weight after birth (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =1.04; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.42,5.60). The body mass index (BMI) was associated with APGAR score (AOR=1.56; 95% CI 1.30,17.41). Conclusion: There are some concerns regarding perinatal outcomes such as low birth weight, low APGAR score, babies being admitted to the NICU, and some instances of fatal death. The high frequency of ANC visit and well control of BMI was associated with the positive impact of perinatal outcomes.
The relationship between dietary habits and hypertension in middle-aged rural populations of Karen state, Myanmar
Background: Hypertension, a non-communicable disease, is a leading health problem that can cause life threatening complications and a major cause of premature death. There are no previous studies on the prevalence of hypertension in rural areas, Karen State, Myanmar. Objective: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of prehypertension/hypertension and its associated risk factors among the middle-aged population in rural areas, Karen State, Myanmar. Method: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among rural areas of 3 townships (Myawaddy, Hlaing Bwe’, and Kawkareik) in Karen State, Myanmar with aged 40-59 years old was chosen by multistage random and population proportion to size sampling. Factors with p-value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant and the results were illustrated with Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR), 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI). Results: Among 487 participants, the prevalence of pre-hypertension/hypertension among the middle-aged population in Karen State was 51.95% (95% CI: 47.50 - 56.37). The factors significantly associated with prehypertension/ hypertension were consumption of sugar sweetened ≥ 3 days per week (AOR = 4.15, 95% CI: 1.44 - 11.95), consumption of salty foods ≥ 3 days per week (AOR = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.77-7.22) and obesity (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.41-3.61). Conclusion: About one third of people resident in rural areas in this study had high blood pressure. The characteristics that were substantially linked with prehypertension/hypertension included being obesity, consumption of sugar sweetened foods & salty foods.
Hypertension, Karen state, Myanmar, Rural
Assessment of nutritional status of children aged 6-59 months in Kanchanpur district, Nepal: Insights from a screening program
Background: Malnutrition is a major global public health issue especially affecting children under five years old, profoundly influencing their survival and overall development. Objectives: This study evaluates the nutritional status of children aged 6-59 months and explores the determinants of malnutrition in Kanchanpur District, Sudurpaschim Province, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted, including 3,252 children aged 6-59 months from nine municipalities. Anthropometric measurements were collected from May-June 2024. Data was analysed using Emergency Nutrition Assessment (ENA 2020). Results: Among the 3,252 children (45.6% female, 54.4% male) with a mean age of 31.88 months, the prevalence of global malnutrition was 3.0%, higher in girls (3.8%) than boys (2.2%). The prevalence of underweight was 19.3% (girls: 19.8%, boys: 18.9%). Stunting affected 17.0% of children (boys: 17.2%, girls: 16.7%), while wasting was observed in 14.9% (boys: 15.1%, girls: 14.5%). Older children (48-59 months) had a significantly higher risk of malnutrition compared to younger children (6-11 months), with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of 2.9 (95% CI: 2.2-3.7) for underweight and 3.3 (95% CI: 2.5-4.3) for stunting. Ethnicity also played a significant role, with Dalit and Janajati children being more likely to be malnourished than Brahmin/Chhetri children. Conclusion: This study identified age and ethnicity as key determinants of malnutrition in Kanchanpur District, emphasizing the need to address socio-economic and cultural factors especially among marginalized ethnic groups. Policymakers and health practitioners should prioritize tailored nutritional programs to address the specific needs of different age groups and communities, aiming to reduce malnutrition and achieve sustainable development goals.
Children under five, Kanchanpur, Malnutrition, Nepal
Analysis on the association between the mothers’ knowledge, attitude, practices and the incidence of acute respiratory infection in children under 5 years old in the rural Nam Dinh, Vietnam
Background: The knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers in caring for their children play an important role in prevention of acute respiratory infection. Objectives: The study aimed to identify the association between the mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practices in prevention and caring for children with acute respiratory infection and the incidence of acute respiratory infection in children under 5 years old in the rural Nam Dinh, Vietnam. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 389 among mothers and their children under 5 years old with a simple random sampling technique in rural Nam Dinh, Vietnam from July 2020 to September 2021. Using logistic regression and Odds Ratio (OR) with definition level α=0.05 for analysis of variables Results: Unsatisfactory KAP of mothers in prevention and caring for children with ARI accounted for high percentage. In addition, the incidence of ARI in children under 5 years old remained high at 47.0% (183/389 children). The study revealed the association between the mothers’ attitude, practices and the incidence of ARI in their children. This difference was statistically significant with P< 0.05. Specifically, analysis results showed that mothers' practices are significantly related to the incidence of ARI in children with OR= 2.5; 95%CI= 1.6-3.9 and P< 0.001. Conclusion: The mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practices in prevention and caring for their children with ARI were low. In addition, the incidence of ARI in under-five children was high. There was an association between the mothers’ attitude, practices and the incidence of ARI in children under 5 years old. Moreover, there was a significant association between the mothers’ practices and the incidence of ARI in children
Acute respiratory infection, Attitude, Knowledge, Mothers having children under 5 years old, Practices
Dyslipidaemia in patients with acute stroke at Da Nang C hospital, Vietnam
Background: Stroke is a current medical issue in all countries worldwide. Currently, clinical characteristics and risk factors for developing acute stroke as well as dyslipidaemia have been identified. Objectives: The research aimed to describe the status of dyslipidaemia in patients with acute stroke and the relationship between dyslipidaemia and certain clinical characteristics as also risk factors in patients with acute stroke at Da Nang C Hospital, Vietnam. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analysed 197 medical records of acute stroke patients at Da Nang C Hospital, Vietnam (February 2023-March 2024). Data collected included demographics (age, gender, height, weight), hypertension (systolic BP ≥140 mmHg, diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg), and lipid profiles (TC ≥5.2 mmol/L, triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol/L, LDL-C ≥3.4 mmol/L, HDL-C <0.9 mmol/L in males, <1.1 mmol/L in females). Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25.0 and Microsoft Excel 2016. Chi-square tests and odds ratios were calculated, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Results: The percentage of dyslipidaemia in patients with stroke was 80.2%, with low HDL-C (52.3%) and high triglycerides (45.7%) being the most common abnormalities. Dyslipidaemia was more prevalent in the ischemic stroke group (98.1%) compared to the haemorrhagic stroke group with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.26 – 27.58 (P-value = 0.030). The proportion of dyslipidaemia in stroke patients increases with age, with the highest rate observed in the 65-74 age group (38.4%). Stroke patients with dyslipidaemia also have a higher prevalence of hypertension (74.1%, 95% CI: 1.07 – 4.56), diabetes (41.1%, 95% CI: 1.04 – 5.23), and obesity (51.9%); with P-value 0.034, 0.043, and 0.860 respectively. Conclusion: Patients with acute stroke often have dyslipidaemia, with the majority of cases characterized by decreased HDL-C levels and increased triglycerides. This tends to increase gradually with age.
Assessment of breast cancer awareness and breast self-examination practice of rural women at Hai Duong district, Vietnam
Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women. Assessing the impact of disease awareness on breast self-examination practices can improve health decisions and provide a basis for designing effective educational interventions. Objectives: This study aimed to identify breast cancer awareness and breast self-examination practices among rural women. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 204 rural women in Hai Duong province, Vietnam. 99 women received direct education while 105 women joined indirect education through documents. The study questionnaire included breast cancer awareness based on the Health Belief Model scale and women's breast self-examination practice by nurse observation checklist. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the paired-sample t-test with the significance level set at P<0.05. Results: The study found that both direct and indirect groups increased of breast cancer awareness and practicing breast self-examination with passed result after 3 and 6 months of intervention. The proportion breast cancer awareness in the direct group was higher than that in the indirect group (P<0.05); the direct educational helped 88.9% of women practice breast self-examination after 3 months, and to 94.9% after 6 months. Conclusion: After educational program, breast cancer awareness and breast self-examination practice of rural women increased significantly. Therefore, educational programs emphasizing the importance of raising awareness and practicing early detection of breast cancer should be enhanced to bring about the desired change among rural women living in poor areas.
Breast cancer awareness, Breast self-examination, Health Belief Model, Rural women, Vietnam
Sociodemographic and health related factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged adult and elderly in Yangon, Myanmar
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly prevalent globally especially in low- and middle-income countries. In Myanmar, the rise of T2DM particularly among the elderly highlights the need for early detection and intervention. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic and health-related factors contributing to T2DM in middle-aged and elderly populations in Yangon to inform targeted prevention strategies. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted in Yangon, 2024 included 512 participants aged 40 years and older selected via multistage random sampling. Data were collected using the Kobo Collect app and analysed using Stata 18.0. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the participants’ characteristics including frequencies, percentages and means. Simple logistic regression was applied to identify factors associated with T2DM followed by multiple logistic regression to assess adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for significant predictors. The significance level was set at 0.05 for all statistical tests. Results: Of the total 512 participants, 55.66% (95% CI: 51.32-59.92) had normal fasting blood sugar (FBS), 30.08% (95% CI: 26.25-34.20) had prediabetes and 14.26% (95% CI: 11.48-17.57) had T2DM. Our multivariable analysis by multiple logistic regression analysis observed that respondents age over 60 years (AOR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.64–7.32), being of Kayin ethnicity (AOR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.47–5.61), larger waist measurements (AOR = 3.57, 95% CI: 1.68–7.60), had chronic illnesses (AOR = 7.97, 95% CI: 4.17–15.23) and had family history of diabetes mellitus (AOR = 4.10, 95% CI: 2.09–8.04) were associated with type 2 diabetes among the middle aged and elderly population of Yangon, Myanmar. Conclusion: Type 2 DM is common among middle-aged and elderly individuals in Yangon. Key risk factors included age, obesity, chronic illness and family history were major predictors of it. Targeted interventions addressing these factors are essential for diabetes prevention in this population.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Public Health Asia Pacific https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Self-care behaviours and associated factors among adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Vietnam rural area
Background: Diabetes is a long-term metabolic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. In Vietnam, there has been a rising trend in the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes. Objectives: This study aimed to describe diabetes self-care behaviours and explore associated factors among Vietnamese adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 418 outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes in rural area of Da Nang City, Vietnam. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires that covered demographics, clinical factors, and self-care behaviours. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression. Results: The study found that 70.1% of participants engaged in diabetes self-care practices, with an average score of 4.37 ± 1.11. The analysis revealed significant correlations between self-care behaviours and factors such as family history of Type 2 Diabetes (OR= 1.76, 95% CI: 1.03-3.00), use of a blood glucose meter at home (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.22-5.49), receipt of diabetes self-care information (OR = 2.27, 95% CI:1.38-3.75), and regular health check-ups (OR= 2.98, 95% CI: 1.84-4.80). Conclusion: These findings provide valuable insights for healthcare providers in developing targeted interventions to promote positive self-care practices among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes.
Clinical factors, Rural area, Self-care, Type 2 Diabetes
Length of hospital stay among cardiovascular patients with valve repair combined valve replacement, Northeast Thailand
Background: Hospital administration can impact patient’s length of hospital stays, treatment costs, and quality of life after surgery. Thus, understanding the factors influencing the length of hospital stays in heart valve surgery patients is crucial for improving patient care and enhancing the efficiency of medical services. Objectives: To investigate the length of hospital-stay and factors associated with length of hospital stay among cardiovascular patients with valve repair combined valve replacement. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional analytical design, involving 272 individuals who underwent combined valve repair and replacement at the Queen Sirikit Heart Centre of the Northeast from October 1, 2017, to September 30, 2023. Data were analysed using percentages and medians (min: max). Multiple logistic regression was also conducted to examine risk factors associated with extended hospital stays (> 14 days). Results: The study showed that the length of hospital stays of patients undergoing open heart valve surgery was 14.07 ± 8 days. The risk factors related to a length of hospital stays longer than 14 days were found a history of smoking (AOR = 1.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) : 1.01 - 3.27), albumin level in blood (< 3.5 g/dl) (AOR= 2.28; 95%CI: 1.16 - 4.48), functional class 4 (AOR = 21.32; 95%CI: 4.37 - 104.06), postoperative infection (AOR = 3.25; 95%CI: 1.23 - 8.59) and arrhythmias (AOR= 2.33; 95%CI: 1.01 - 5.38). Conclusion: This result highlighted that these factors are important for post-surgery patients to stay in the hospital longer than standard. Therefore, hospitals should promote health information, including quitting smoking and consuming behaviour, to patients to prepare before surgery. Hospitals must also design guidelines for patient care to prevent further complications.
Microvascular complications, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Type 2 diabetes patients
Evaluation of quality measures for Colonoscopy in Colorectal cancer screening among patients in Mahosot hospital, Vientiane capital, Lao PDR: A cross-sectional, prospective study
Background: In Lao PDR, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant public health concern, accounting for 8.5% of all cancer cases and ranking as the fourth most common cancer in the country. Colonoscopy emerges as the gold standard for CRC screening. The quality of a colonoscopy is critical to achieving positive patient outcome. Key quality indicators mainly include adenoma detection rate, bowel preparation adequacy, average withdrawal time, cecal intubation rate and complication post colonoscopy procedure. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of colorectal polyps and cancer detected, determine adenoma detection rate, and assess the quality of colonoscopy procedure during colorectal cancer screening of our centre and another representative of referral centre in Laos. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study from July 2023 to February 2024, involving 288 individuals for collecting demographic data, procedure indications, and various colonoscopies. Results: A total of 288 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 45.57 ± 14.67 years (SD) with approximately equal gender distribution (Female 50.67%). The majority of colorectal cancer screenings were conducted in individuals under 50 years old. Most patients achieved optimal bowel preparation, and underwent complete colonoscopy procedures. Approximately 95.5% underwent a complete colonoscopy with an average withdrawal time of 8.16 ± 4.37 minutes. Pathological analysis revealed non-neoplastic, benign neoplastic, and malignant polyps. The overall adenoma detection rate was 27.63%, with advanced adenoma detection in 5.81% and colon cancer detection in 5.9%. Patients over 50 years exhibited a higher risk of adenoma detection rate while good bowel preparation did not significantly affect detection rates. However, longer withdrawal times during colonoscopy correlated with increased adenoma detection rate. Conclusion: Our study showed that the quality indicators of colonoscopy were acceptable with results indicating an average risk of colorectal cancer screening with overall adenoma detection rate, achieved adequate bowel cleansing, with high rate of cecal intubation rate, and appropriated withdrawal time examination as per protocol associated with increased adenoma detection.
Quality Measures, Colonoscopy, Colorectal cancer
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Public Health Asia Pacific https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0