Spatial association of socioeconomic factors and prevalence of Tuberculosis in Java Indonesia, 2021-2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62992/wspjdd02Keywords:
Prevalence, Socioeconomic factors, Spatial analysis, TuberculosisAbstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases even in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although it is treatable and supported by national programs, Indonesia accounts for the second highest proportion of TB cases worldwide. Research on tuberculosis in Indonesia is generally limited to single-year studies in narrow areas at the regency level, restricting broader regional insights.
Objectives: This research aimed to identify the spatial relationship between socio-economic factors and tuberculosis prevalence in Java, Indonesia, for the years 2021 and 2022.
Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a geographical analytic approach using TB reported data across three provinces in Java, Indonesia to investigate the spread of disease and association in 2021-2022 from various sources. Spatial autocorrelation analysis relies on Moran's I values to determine associations and Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) to identify which regions in Java have high or low cluster values.
Results: The prevalence rate of tuberculosis in Java from 2021 to 2022 showed an increasing trend from an average of 145 to 148 per 100,000 inhabitants, with Tegal City consistently recording the highest prevalence. Boyolali Regency had the lowest rate in 2021, while Trenggalek had the lowest rate in 2022. TB hotspot detected in Bogor, Bandung, Karawang, Bekasi, Bekasi City, Cimahi City and Depok City. Meanwhile TB coldspots were consistently detected in Wonosobo, Magelang, Wonogiri, Magelang City, Surakarta City, Salatiga City, Pacitan, Ponorogo, Trenggalek, Tulungagung, Kediri, Madiun, Magetan, Ngawi, and Madiun City. Bivariate analysis indicated a positive spatial association between population density, per capita expenditure, night-time light (NTL), regional wage, and unemployment rate.
Conclusion: There existed spatial association between socioeconomic characteristics and tuberculosis prevalence in Java from 2021 to 2022, particularly in urbanized regions. This cartographic research should serve as a guideline for TB management in Java.
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